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Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

A) before birth,in utero.
B) during and immediately after birth.
C) when a child first goes to school.
D) when an infant gets its first infectious disease.
E) during puberty.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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A

Question 2

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A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

A) True
B) False

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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Virulence factors include all the following except ________.

The effect of "good" microbes against invading microbes is called ________.

________ are toxins that are the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

All infectious diseases ________.

A ________ is an infection indigenous to animals that can,on occasion,be transmitted to humans.

A 78-year-old male presents to the emergency department reporting a 2-day history of difficulty breathing, cough, and chest pain. Upon triage assessment, the patient is found to have a fever, rapid rate of breathing, low oxygen saturation, and crackles upon auscultation of the lungs. A chest X-ray reveals consolidation in the right upper lung field. The patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, initiated on oxygen therapy, and admitted for observation and treatment. -As the RN,you document the care and assessment of the patient in the chart prior to transfer to an inpatient unit.What is the most appropriate term for the clinical manifestations of disease as noted in your assessment?  

A 78-year-old male presents to the emergency department reporting a 2-day history of difficulty breathing, cough, and chest pain. Upon triage assessment, the patient is found to have a fever, rapid rate of breathing, low oxygen saturation, and crackles upon auscultation of the lungs. A chest X-ray reveals consolidation in the right upper lung field. The patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, initiated on oxygen therapy, and admitted for observation and treatment. -The patient's sputum culture returns a positive result for Streptococcus pneumoniae.As the RN,you are aware this capsule-forming bacterium possesses virulence factors to make it difficult to treat.In providing education to the patient regarding the disease process,which of the following statements is most appropriate?  

An animal,such as an arthropod,that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a ________.

What is one goal of the Human Microbiota Project?

When an infected person is in the incubation period,that person cannot transmit the pathogen to others.

A 36-year-old female is bit by a raccoon and presents to the emergency department with mild trauma to her right lower extremity. Following a triage assessment, the patient's wound is cleaned and dressed. The physician verbalizes concern that the patient may have been exposed to rabies from the bite. One role of the RN is to provide education to the patient regarding rabies infection and its transmission. -Which of the following terms most appropriately describes the role of the raccoon in the patient's exposure to infection?  

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A 36-year-old female is bit by a raccoon and presents to the emergency department with mild trauma to her right lower extremity. Following a triage assessment, the patient's wound is cleaned and dressed. The physician verbalizes concern that the patient may have been exposed to rabies from the bite. One role of the RN is to provide education to the patient regarding rabies infection and its transmission. -If the patient develops rabies infection,you know that it must be reported to local and state public health officials.Which of the following diseases is also reportable in the United States?

Which terminology is not used to describe members of the resident biota?

The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the ________.

Microbial hyaluronidase,coagulase,and streptokinase are examples of ________.

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ________.

As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an education course to new graduate nurses regarding the process of infection control and prevention. -As the RN,you educate the new nurses about the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections.All of the following are frequent sources of patient infection,except ________.