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What are the main characteristics of the business cycle?

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The business cycle is usually shown as c...

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Which is not a characteristic of cyclical variables?


A) Coincident indicator.
B) Lagging indicator.
C) Fallacy indicator.
D) Leading indicator.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Business cycles have fairly regular time gaps between peaks and troughs.

A) True
B) False

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In the New Classical model, when output is above trend, unemployment is countercyclical and employment will be above trend and so be procyclical.Inflation will be procyclical, but real wages will be countercyclical because as output rises real wages fall.

A) True
B) False

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Which is most sensitive to concerns about the future growth of the economy?


A) Spending on food.
B) Spending on rent.
C) Spending on durable goods.
D) Spending of fuel.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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An inflation fallacy is


A) when prices are falling and the economy is growing.
B) that inflation directly lowers living standards.
C) people think that prices are rising much higher than they actually are.
D) prices always deflate in a recession.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following statements about economic fluctuations is true?


A) None of these answers.
B) A depression is a mild recession.
C) A variety of spending, income, and output measures can be used to measure economic fluctuations because most macroeconomic quantities tend to fluctuate together.
D) A recession is when output rises above the natural rate of output.
E) Economic fluctuations have been termed the "business cycle" because the movements in output are regular and predictable.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Procyclical refers to


A) a variable that is above trend when GDP is above trend.
B) a variable that is equal to the GDP trend.
C) the economy is growing above trend.
D) a variable is that is below trend when GDP is above trend.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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A severe and prolonged recessionary phase of a business cycle is sometimes described as


A) an inverted peak.
B) a trough.
C) a recession.
D) a depression.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The trend in GDP is generally


A) upwards.
B) constant.
C) downwards.
D) fluctuates.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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If trends do not exist then policy measures designed to reduce deviations from trend are misguided.

A) True
B) False

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Which business cycle model believes that policy measures designed to reduce deviations from trend are misguided?


A) The real business cycle.
B) The supply side new classical model.
C) The demand side Keynesian model.
D) The supply side Keynesian model.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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In the real business cycle model, the causes of business cycles are


A) sticky wages and prices.
B) technology shocks.
C) unanticipated price level changes.
D) changes to aggregate demand.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Figure 1. Figure 1.    -Referring to Figure 1 in which year did the economy stagnate with little or no growth? A) 1964 B) 1991 C) 1992 D) 2009 -Referring to Figure 1 in which year did the economy stagnate with little or no growth?


A) 1964
B) 1991
C) 1992
D) 2009

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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