Question 1

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

Accepted Answer

A)   renin.
B)   aldosterone.
C)   antidiuretic hormone (ADH) .
D)   atrial natriuretic hormone.
E)   insulin.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)   acids
B)   bases
C)   salts
D)   glucose
E)   waterF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   An increase in the extracellular potassium ion concentration leads to depolarization.
B)   Potassium ions are secreted into the nephron by the distal convoluted tubule.
C)   When aldosterone levels are high, potassium secretion is low.
D)   Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by high blood levels of potassium ions.
E)   None of these choices is false.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the

Accepted Answer

A)   skin.
B)   kidneys.
C)   lungs.
D)   GI tract.
E)   sweat.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 5

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH.
B)   PTH.
C)   calcitonin.
D)   aldosterone.
E)   insulin.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 6

Calcium balance is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH and parathyroid hormone levels.
B)   ADH and aldosterone levels.
C)   parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels.
D)   aldosterone and parathyroid hormone levels.
E)   insulin and glucagon.F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ____________ in thirst sensations.

Accepted Answer

A)   a temporary interruption
B)   a tremendous increase
C)   an increase in blood osmolarity and an increase
D)   an increase in blood osmolarity and a decreaseE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   diarrhea
B)   perspiration
C)   decreased water intake
D)   decreased urine volume
E)   increased urine volumeF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Accepted Answer

A)   increases plasma osmolality.
B)   is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
C)   increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
D)   causes the production of a large volume of urine.
E)   increases urine volume.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

A)   promotes the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract.
B)   promotes osteoclast activity in the bones.
C)   reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys.
D)   reduces extracellular calcium ion levels.
E)   increases blood calcium levels.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 11

The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium
B)   potassium
C)   chloride
D)   calcium
E)   magnesiumF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Accepted Answer

A)   cells to become more excitable.
B)   hyperpolarization of cell membranes.
C)   more action potentials to be generated.
D)   increased permeability of cell membranes.
E)   hypopolarization of cell membranes.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 13

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperkalemia.
B)   hypercalcemia.
C)   hypernatremia.
D)   increased urine volume.
E)   hyponatremia.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

When aldosterone is absent, sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

Accepted Answer

A)   greatly increased.
B)   greatly decreased.
C)   unchanged.D) None of the above
E) All of the above

Question 15

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   metabolic alkalosis.
C)   respiratory acidosis.
D)   respiratory alkalosis.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 16

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased rate of bone resorption.
B)   increased rate of vitamin D degradation.
C)   increased concentration of potassium ions in the urine.
D)   increased rate of calcium ion excretion by the kidneys.
E)   decreased levels of blood calcium.F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 17

Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A)   increased renal blood flow
B)   increased blood osmolality
C)   increased atrial natriuretic hormone production
D)   increased blood pressure
E)   decreased blood osmolalityF) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 18

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   increased secretion of hydrogen ions.
B)   decreased secretion of hydrogen ions.
C)   no change in secretion of hydrogen ions.D) None of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 19

The normal pH for blood plasma is

Accepted Answer

A)   7.00.
B)   7.25 - 7.35.
C)   7.35 - 7.45.
D)   7.45 - 7.55.
E)   6.80 - 7.20.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)   vasoconstriction of blood vessels
B)   increase ADH secretion
C)   decrease aldosterone secretion
D)   increase the release of atrial natriuretic hormone
E)   increase aldosterone secretionF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

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The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is _________________.

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Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

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Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the

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Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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Calcitonin

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Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium balance is influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The normal pH for blood plasma is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When aldosterone is absent, sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ____________ in thirst sensations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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