Question 1

Hypernatremia tends to cause all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  water retention.
B)  edema.
C)  hypertension.
D)  interstitial fluid accumulation.
E)  a reduction in plasma volume.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

Excessive intake of antacids can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis.
B)  metabolic acidosis.
C)  respiratory alkalosis.
D)  respiratory acidosis.
E)  digestive alkalosis.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Hypovolemia refers to a reduction in total body water while maintaining normal osmolarity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Hypernatremia is a plasma concentration above normal.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca₂+
B)  Na+
C)  K+
D)  Cl-
E)  PiF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 5

Emphysema can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis.
B)  metabolic alkalosis.
C)  respiratory alkalosis.
D)  respiratory acidosis.
E)  digestive alkalosis.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 6

The pH of the intracellular fluid is buffered mainly by

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins.
B)  the bicarbonate system.
C)  the phosphate system.
D)  the carbonic acid system.
E)  ammonium ions.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

Blood plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Hypocalcemia causes muscle weakness, whereas hypercalcemia causes potentially fatal muscle
tetanus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

does not stimulate aldosterone secretion.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotension
B)  Hyponatremia
C)  Hyperkalemia
D)  High blood sodium concentration
E)  High blood potassium concentrationF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Most body water comes from , whereas most body water is lost via .

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration
B)  metabolic water; sweat
C)  drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air
D)  drinking; urine
E)  drinking; radiationF) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 11

Tissue fluid normally has a pH of

Accepted Answer

A)  6.95-7.05
B)  7.05-7.15
C)  7.15-7.25
D)  7.25-7.35
E)  7.35-7.45F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Hypokalemia can result from all of the following except from

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic vomiting.
B)  diarrhea.
C)  heavy sweating.
D)  aldosterone hyposecretion.
E)  excessive use of laxatives.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 13

Acidosis is a pH lower than 7, whereas alkalosis is a pH higher than 7.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The inorganic phosphates (Pi)  of the body fluids

Accepted Answer

A)  are not a significant component of nucleic acids.
B)  are not important for cell membrane structure.
C)  are not necessary in the linking of endergonic with exergonic reactions.
D)  form crystals with calcium in the presence of calsequestrin.
E)  participate in the activation of some enzymes.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

What protein(s)  is/are the most important buffer(s)  in erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  albumin
B)  fibrinogen
C)  gamma globulins
D)  hemoglobin
E)  myoglobinF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 16

Dehydration results in increased blood and ECF osmolarity.This makes osmoreceptors stimulate secretion by the hypothalamus in the DCT and CD.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH; decreasing water reabsorption
B)  ADH; increasing water reabsorption
C)  aldosterone; decreasing sodium and water reabsorption
D)  aldosterone; increasing sodium and water reabsorption
E)  angiotensin II; increasing sodium reabsorptionF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called

Accepted Answer

A)  baroreceptors.
B)  proprioceptors.
C)  nociceptors.
D)  osmoreceptors.
E)  mechanoreceptors.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

Aldosterone receptors are found on cells of

Accepted Answer

A)  the adrenal cortex.
B)  the adrenal medulla.
C)  the posterior pituitary.
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) .
E)  the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) .F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Chronic vomiting can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis.
B)  metabolic alkalosis.
C)  respiratory alkalosis.
D)  respiratory acidosis.
E)  lymphatic alkalosis.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

A weak base

Accepted Answer

A)  binds little OH- and has a weak effect on pH.
B)  binds lots of OH- and has a strong effect on pH.
C)  binds little H+ and has a weak effect on pH.
D)  resists changes in OH-.
E)  lowers the pH.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Exam 24: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid - Base Balance

Excessive intake of antacids can lead to

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Aldosterone receptors are found on cells of

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Hypernatremia tends to cause all of the following except

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Hypocalcemia causes muscle weakness, whereas hypercalcemia causes potentially fatal muscle tetanus.

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A weak base

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Hypokalemia can result from all of the following except from

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The inorganic phosphates (Pi) of the body fluids

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Hypernatremia is a plasma concentration above normal.

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does not stimulate aldosterone secretion.

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Most body water comes from , whereas most body water is lost via .

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Hypovolemia refers to a reduction in total body water while maintaining normal osmolarity.

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Tissue fluid normally has a pH of

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Chronic vomiting can lead to

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Acidosis is a pH lower than 7, whereas alkalosis is a pH higher than 7.

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Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called

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What protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in erythrocytes?

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Dehydration results in increased blood and ECF osmolarity.This makes osmoreceptors stimulate secretion by the hypothalamus in the DCT and CD.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pH of the intracellular fluid is buffered mainly by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity.

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Emphysema can lead to

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