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For a long while, electricity producers were thought to be a classic example of a natural monopoly. People held this view because


A) the average cost of producing units of electricity by one producer in a specific region was lower than if the same quantity were produced by two or more producers in the same region.
B) the average cost of producing units of electricity by one producer in a specific region was higher than if the same quantity were produced by two or more produced in the same region.
C) the marginal cost of producing units of electricity by one producer in a specific region was higher than if the same quantity were produced by two or more producers in the same region.
D) electricity is a special non-excludable good that could never be sold in a competitive market.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Patents, copyrights, and trademarks


A) are examples of government-created monopolies.
B) are examples of barriers to entry.
C) allow their owners to charge higher prices.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is not correct?


A) Antitrust laws may prevent mergers that would actually raise social welfare.
B) Public ownership is the most common public policy toward monopolies in the United States.
C) Regulation is a common strategy for a natural monopoly.
D) Sometimes the best public policy toward a monopoly may be to do nothing.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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For a monopolist, when the output effect is greater than the price effect, marginal revenue is


A) positive.
B) negative.
C) zero.
D) maximized.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Figure 15-8 Figure 15-8   -Refer to Figure 15-8. What is the monopoly price and quantity? A) price = A; quantity = X B) price = B; quantity = Y C) price = B; quantity = X D) price = C; quantity = X -Refer to Figure 15-8. What is the monopoly price and quantity?


A) price = A; quantity = X
B) price = B; quantity = Y
C) price = B; quantity = X
D) price = C; quantity = X

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Figure 15-1 Figure 15-1   -Refer to Figure 15-1. Considering the relationship between average total cost and marginal cost, the marginal cost curve for this firm must A) lie entirely above the average total cost curve. B) lie entirely below the average total cost curve. C) be U-shaped. D) be horizontal. -Refer to Figure 15-1. Considering the relationship between average total cost and marginal cost, the marginal cost curve for this firm must


A) lie entirely above the average total cost curve.
B) lie entirely below the average total cost curve.
C) be U-shaped.
D) be horizontal.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Round-trip airline tickets are usually cheaper if you stay over a Saturday night before you fly back. What is the reason for this price discrepancy?


A) Airlines are practicing imperfect price discrimination to raise their profits.
B) Airlines charge a different rate based on the different nature of peoples' travel needs.
C) Airlines are attempting to charge people based on their willingness to pay.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Table 15-8 The following table provides information on the price, quantity, and average total cost for a monopoly. Table 15-8 The following table provides information on the price, quantity, and average total cost for a monopoly.   -Refer to Table 15-8. At what price will the monopolist maximize his profit? A) $6 B) $12 C) $18 D) $24 -Refer to Table 15-8. At what price will the monopolist maximize his profit?


A) $6
B) $12
C) $18
D) $24

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Table 15-6 A monopolist faces the following demand curve: Table 15-6 A monopolist faces the following demand curve:   -Refer to Table 15-6. What is the marginal revenue from the sale of the 3rd unit? A) -$3 B) $3 C) $9 D) $24 -Refer to Table 15-6. What is the marginal revenue from the sale of the 3rd unit?


A) -$3
B) $3
C) $9
D) $24

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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When a monopolist chooses the output that maximizes profits, we know that MR = MC and also that P > MR. This is inefficient because


A) ​the monopolist is not minimizing costs.
B) ​the monopolist is the only producer in the market.
C) ​the monopolist fails to make transactions where the marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost.
D) ​there are entry barriers.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Figure 15-2 Figure 15-2   -Refer to Figure 15-2. If a regulator requires the firm to charge a marginal cost price, what quantity will the firm produce? -Refer to Figure 15-2. If a regulator requires the firm to charge a marginal cost price, what quantity will the firm produce?

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Figure 15-14 Figure 15-14   -Refer to Figure 15-14. A benevolent social planner would have the monopoly operate at an output level A) less than Q0. B) greater than Q0. C) equal to Q0. D) equal to zero. -Refer to Figure 15-14. A benevolent social planner would have the monopoly operate at an output level


A) less than Q0.
B) greater than Q0.
C) equal to Q0.
D) equal to zero.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Scenario 15-9 Suppose executives at an art museum know that 100 adults are willing to pay $12 for admission to the museum on a weekday. Suppose the executives also know that 200 students are willing to pay $8 for admission on a weekday. The cost of operating the museum on a weekday is $2,000. -Refer to Scenario 15-9. How much profit will the museum earn if it charges all customers $12 for admission?


A) -$800
B) $100
C) $800
D) $1,200

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Authors are allowed to be monopolists in the sale of their books in order to


A) promote a society in which people think for themselves and learn from whichever books they please.
B) correct for the negative externalities that the Internet and television impose.
C) satisfy literary advocacy groups that exercise their lobbying power.
D) None of the above is correct.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Figure 15-17 Figure 15-17   -Refer to Figure 15-17. Which of the following areas represents the deadweight loss from this profit-maximizing monopolist? A) ABE B) BCFE C) EFG D) ACG -Refer to Figure 15-17. Which of the following areas represents the deadweight loss from this profit-maximizing monopolist?


A) ABE
B) BCFE
C) EFG
D) ACG

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Figure 15-6 Figure 15-6   -Refer to Figure 15-6. How much output will the monopolist produce? A) O B) T C) W D) Z -Refer to Figure 15-6. How much output will the monopolist produce?


A) O
B) T
C) W
D) Z

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The fundamental cause of monopoly is


A) incompetent management in competitive firms.
B) the zero-profit feature of long-run equilibrium in competitive markets.
C) advertising.
D) barriers to entry.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A monopolist will choose to increase output when


A) market price increases.
B) at all levels of output, marginal cost increases.
C) at the present level of output, marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost.
D) the demand curve shifts to the left.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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When a natural monopoly exists, it is


A) always cost effective for government-owned firms to produce the product.
B) never cost effective for one firm to produce the product.
C) always cost effective for two or more private firms to produce the product.
D) never cost effective for two or more private firms to produce the product.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Suppose a monopolist charges a price of $27 for its product and sells 10 units at that price. At 10 units of production the firm has average fixed cost equal to $10 and average variable cost equal to $12. How much total profit is the firm earning at this price?


A) $5
B) $25
C) $50
D) $140

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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