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Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

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Question 71

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A parenting technique for handling misbehavior in children, characterized by removing the child from a setting that offers positive reinforcement.

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Question 72

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Damian's parents never seem to find time or resources to take care of him; in fact, sometimes he goes home to an empty house without any idea where his parents are. He routinely tells his teachers that he hasn't eaten in the last day, and it's clear that his clothes haven't been washed in a while. This circumstance constitutes:

A) physical abuse.
B) mental injury.
C) child neglect.
D) child inattention.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Question 73

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Parents who encourage their children to be independent and show age-appropriate behaviors but still place limits and controls on their actions are:

About _____ of parents who were abused themselves when they were young go on to abuse their own children.

Higher-SES parents:

Lucas and Sophia always check with each other when it comes to parenting decisions. When their son, Nathan, tried to be sneaky and said to Sophia, "Dad said I could stay up late. It that okay with you?" Sophia did not fall for it, saying, "Let me hear that from Dad first." Lucas and Sophia are practicing:

In Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt, the young child clearly has begun to develop self-recognition and an awareness of his or her unique sense of self, called:

First-born and only children are alike in that both are _____ than later-born children.

Lucy has strict rules for her children, and gets frustrated and angry when they aren't followed. When the children disobey she often spanks them and sends them off to their room without much explanation. Lucy is most likely a(n) :

Describe four characteristics that are generally associated with the first-born child and what accounts for these differences.

Kenny is at the age where he wants to try everything, using his surplus energy to explore and play with everything in his environment. He is also anxious to explore his social world through conversation and playing games. According to Erik Erikson, Kenny is demonstrating:

Which of the following is TRUE of how parents' work affects the development of their children?

Clara imitates her older sister by trying to wear shoes with high heels, and loves it when her sister puts makeup on her. Learning gender roles this way is consistent with the:

Ursula is allowed to set her own schedules for playtime and for studying. In return, Ursula's mother insists that her daughter keep her grades up and go to bed early on most weeknights. As long as her daughter is managing her time and schedule wisely, Ursula's mother gives her daughter a great deal of independence. Ursula's mom is most likely a(n) :

Parents who monitor their children's emotions, view their children's negative emotions as opportunities for teaching, and assist children in labeling their emotions.

Preschool children mainly describe themselves in all of these terms EXCEPT:

The emotions of _____ do not appear to develop until self-awareness appears around 18 months of age.

In a study of maltreating mothers and their one-year-olds, one treatment that was found to be effective in reducing child maltreatment involved parent-infant psychotherapy that focused on improving:

According to Jean Piaget, this is the first stage of moral development where children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world.

Some scholars have proposed that in the "emotional security theory," children appraise marital conflict in terms of: